1992-043A - Gorizont 26

Název objektu Gorizont 26 <=Горизонт 26>
SSC 22041
Start1992-07-14 22:02:00 UT, Bajkonur [=Baikonur], Proton-K/DM-2
Stav objektu na geocentrické dráze
Očekávaná životnost na drázeneomezená
ProvozovatelRusko
VýrobceRusko
Kategorietelekomunikační družice
Hmotnost2120 kg

Parametry dráhy

Epocha Typ i P hP hA Pozn.
92-07-14.9 G 1.50° 1476.02 min 36479 km 36654 km RAE.
92-07-28.0 G 1.48° 1435.68 min 35762 km 35799 km RAE.
96-08-22.35 G 1.74° 1436.09 min 35767 km 35806 km  
96-12-05.59 G 1.94° 1436.09 min 35780 km 35793 km  
97-03-21.13 G 2.15° 1436.08 min 35779 km 35794 km  
97-07-11.06 G 2.36° 1436.06 min 35773 km 35799 km  
97-10-23.51 G 2.57° 1436.13 min 35776 km 35799 km  
98-02-06.16 G 2.78° 1436.07 min 35779 km 35793 km  
98-05-21.02 G 2.98° 1436.02 min 35782 km 35788 km  
98-09-08.86 G 3.18° 1436.04 min 35775 km 35796 km  
98-12-16.11 G 3.38° 1436.12 min 35769 km 35806 km  
99-04-01.59 G 3.59° 1436.13 min 35772 km 35802 km  
99-07-21.16 G 3.79° 1436.07 min 35784 km 35788 km  
99-11-07.06 G 3.99° 1436.15 min 35773 km 35802 km  
00-02-13.02 G 4.20° 1436.12 min 35771 km 35803 km  
00-05-27.87 G 4.40° 1436.11 min 35778 km 35795 km  
00-11-07.15 G 4.71° 1436.11 min 35780 km 35794 km  
01-02-17.82 G 4.92° 1436.13 min 35770 km 35804 km  
01-06-03.07 G 5.13° 1436.10 min 35776 km 35798 km  
01-06-14.89 G 5.17° 1440.94 min 35847 km 35916 km  
01-06-22.80 G 5.17° 1436.24 min 35780 km 35799 km  
01-10-04.32 G 5.38° 1436.12 min 35772 km 35802 km  
02-01-17.88 G 5.59° 1436.07 min 35779 km 35793 km  
02-04-28.02 G 5.80° 1436.13 min 35779 km 35796 km  
02-08-10.88 G 6.01° 1436.09 min 35776 km 35797 km  
02-11-24.18 G 6.23° 1436.05 min 35778 km 35793 km  
03-03-08.60 G 6.44° 1436.13 min 35779 km 35795 km  
03-06-14.52 G 6.65° 1436.08 min 35771 km 35801 km  
03-09-25.86 G 6.86° 1436.15 min 35772 km 35804 km  
03-12-27.37 G 7.07° 1436.11 min 35785 km 35789 km  
04-05-15.03 G 7.36° 1436.09 min 35775 km 35798 km  
05-01-09.80 G 7.88° 1436.15 min 35780 km 35795 km  
05-04-14.96 G 8.09° 1436.04 min 35779 km 35792 km  
05-07-25.88 G 8.30° 1436.17 min 35773 km 35803 km  
05-08-23.34 G 8.35° 1430.84 min 35578 km 35790 km  
05-08-30.80 G 8.31° 1435.66 min 35756 km 35800 km  
05-08-31.07 G 8.32° 1436.33 min 35767 km 35815 km  
05-10-31.37 G 8.52° 1436.08 min 35761 km 35812 km  
06-02-03.99 G 8.73° 1436.14 min 35767 km 35808 km  
06-05-07.92 G 8.93° 1436.08 min 35776 km 35796 km  
06-08-12.89 G 9.14° 1436.03 min 35776 km 35794 km  
06-11-18.24 G 9.35° 1435.99 min 35765 km 35804 km  
06-11-24.97 G 9.37° 1423.73 min 35287 km 35801 km  
06-11-24.97 G 9.36° 1435.98 min 35764 km 35805 km  
07-02-21.23 G 9.56° 1436.06 min 35776 km 35796 km  
07-03-20.95 G 9.62° 1451.03 min 35951 km 36205 km  
07-06-23.67 G 9.83° 1451.03 min 35944 km 36213 km  
07-11-09.71 G 10.12° 1451.01 min 35948 km 36208 km  
08-02-13.43 G 10.33° 1451.00 min 35954 km 36202 km  
08-05-18.15 G 10.54° 1450.98 min 35950 km 36205 km  
08-08-29.93 G 10.75° 1451.02 min 35949 km 36208 km  
08-12-06.67 G 10.96° 1451.03 min 35951 km 36206 km  
09-03-16.42 G 11.17° 1451.04 min 35960 km 36197 km  
09-06-26.19 G 11.38° 1451.03 min 35952 km 36205 km  
09-10-13.01 G 11.60° 1450.96 min 35949 km 36205 km  
10-01-26.80 G 11.81° 1450.94 min 35952 km 36201 km  
10-05-12.60 G 12.02° 1450.97 min 35960 km 36194 km  
10-09-01.44 G 12.23° 1451.02 min 35949 km 36207 km  
10-12-17.25 G 12.43° 1451.01 min 35956 km 36199 km  
11-04-12.12 G 12.64° 1450.93 min 35956 km 36197 km  

Význam parametrů: Epocha - Datum (rok, měsíc, den a zlomek dne), pro něž platí uvedené parametry. Typ - Kód typu oběžné dráhy : G - geocentrická (Země), i - Sklon dráhy (úhel mezi rovinou dráhy a referenční rovinou, tj. rovníkem nebo ekliptikou). P - Perioda (doba oběhu). hP - Výška dráhy v pericentru. hA - Výška dráhy v apocentru.

Pozice na stacionární dráze

Epocha λ Δλ i  Poznámka
09-01-04.89-19.96°-3.64°/d11.02° 
09-01-15.97-60.96°-3.65°/d11.05° 
09-01-27.05-102.10°-3.66°/d11.07° 
09-02-06.13-139.52°-3.65°/d11.09° 
09-02-13.18-165.65°-3.64°/d11.10° 
09-02-18.22175.72°-3.63°/d11.11° 
09-03-04.33123.60°-3.64°/d11.14° 
09-03-16.4278.70°-3.66°/d11.17° 
09-03-26.4941.25°-3.65°/d11.19° 
09-03-27.5037.52°-3.65°/d11.19° 
09-04-13.63-25.84°-3.64°/d11.23° 
09-04-25.72-70.59°-3.65°/d11.25° 
09-05-04.79-104.28°-3.65°/d11.27° 
09-05-13.86-137.97°-3.65°/d11.29° 
09-05-17.89-152.93°-3.64°/d11.30° 
09-05-25.95177.27°-3.63°/d11.32° 
09-06-04.02143.79°-3.63°/d11.33° 
09-06-11.07117.69°-3.64°/d11.35° 
09-06-20.1484.03°-3.65°/d11.37° 
09-06-29.2150.31°-3.65°/d11.38° 
09-07-07.2720.41°-3.64°/d11.40° 
09-07-18.35-20.58°-3.63°/d11.42° 
09-07-29.43-61.58°-3.64°/d11.44° 
09-08-06.49-91.49°-3.65°/d11.46° 
09-08-18.59-136.40°-3.64°/d11.48° 
09-08-26.65-166.27°-3.63°/d11.50° 
09-08-30.68178.83°-3.63°/d11.51° 
09-09-03.71163.95°-3.63°/d11.52° 
09-09-17.81111.79°-3.64°/d11.55° 
09-09-26.8878.10°-3.65°/d11.56° 
09-09-30.9163.11°-3.67°/d11.57° 
09-10-26.10-30.16°-3.63°/d11.62° 
09-11-05.18-67.45°-3.64°/d11.64° 
09-11-15.25-104.88°-3.65°/d11.66° 
09-11-23.31-134.84°-3.64°/d11.68° 
09-12-02.38-168.43°-3.63°/d11.70° 
09-12-03.39-172.16°-3.63°/d11.70° 
09-12-07.42172.95°-3.63°/d11.71° 
09-12-17.49135.73°-3.63°/d11.73° 
09-12-22.53117.08°-3.64°/d11.74° 
09-12-30.5987.15°-3.65°/d11.75° 
10-01-11.6842.20°-3.64°/d11.78° 
10-01-26.80-13.73°-3.63°/d11.81° 
10-02-04.87-47.28°-3.63°/d11.82° 
10-02-12.93-77.17°-3.64°/d11.84° 
10-02-19.98-103.35°-3.65°/d11.86° 
10-02-25.02-122.07°-3.64°/d11.86° 
10-09-15.54-152.68°-3.63°/d12.25° 
10-09-20.58-171.33°-3.62°/d12.26° 
10-09-25.62170.07°-3.62°/d12.27° 
10-10-03.68140.30°-3.62°/d12.29° 
10-10-14.7699.24°-3.64°/d12.31° 
10-10-25.8558.04°-3.64°/d12.33° 
10-11-03.9124.38°-3.63°/d12.34° 
10-11-15.00-16.62°-3.62°/d12.37° 
10-11-24.07-50.14°-3.63°/d12.38° 
10-12-02.13-80.03°-3.64°/d12.40° 
10-12-11.20-113.73°-3.64°/d12.41° 
10-12-19.26-143.67°-3.63°/d12.43° 
10-12-28.32-177.25°-3.62°/d12.45° 
11-01-01.35167.86°-3.62°/d12.45° 
11-01-01.35167.86°-3.62°/d12.45° 
11-01-01.35167.86°-3.62°/d12.45° 
11-01-01.35167.86°-3.62°/d12.45° 
11-01-05.38152.98°-3.62°/d12.46° 
11-01-05.38152.98°-3.62°/d12.46° 
11-01-06.39149.25°-3.62°/d12.46° 
11-01-06.39149.25°-3.62°/d12.46° 
11-01-06.39149.25°-3.62°/d12.46° 
11-01-06.39149.25°-3.62°/d12.46° 
11-01-11.43130.63°-3.62°/d12.47° 
11-01-11.43130.63°-3.62°/d12.47° 
11-01-11.43130.63°-3.62°/d12.47° 
11-01-11.43130.63°-3.62°/d12.47° 
11-01-15.46115.71°-3.63°/d12.48° 
11-01-15.46115.71°-3.63°/d12.48° 
11-01-15.46115.71°-3.63°/d12.48° 
11-01-15.46115.71°-3.63°/d12.48° 
11-01-15.46115.71°-3.63°/d12.48° 
11-01-15.46115.71°-3.63°/d12.48° 
11-01-22.5189.51°-3.64°/d12.49° 
11-01-22.5189.51°-3.64°/d12.49° 
11-01-23.5285.77°-3.64°/d12.49° 
11-01-23.5285.77°-3.64°/d12.49° 
11-01-27.5570.76°-3.64°/d12.50° 
11-01-27.5570.76°-3.64°/d12.50° 
11-01-27.5570.76°-3.64°/d12.50° 
11-01-27.5570.76°-3.64°/d12.50° 
11-01-27.5570.76°-3.64°/d12.50° 
11-01-27.5570.76°-3.64°/d12.50° 
11-02-01.5952.02°-3.64°/d12.51° 
11-02-08.6425.85°-3.63°/d12.52° 
11-02-08.6425.85°-3.63°/d12.52° 
11-02-08.6425.85°-3.63°/d12.52° 
11-02-13.687.21°-3.62°/d12.53° 
11-02-13.687.23°-3.62°/d12.53° 
11-02-13.687.23°-3.62°/d12.53° 
11-02-13.687.23°-3.62°/d12.53° 
11-02-13.687.23°-3.62°/d12.53° 
11-02-13.687.23°-3.62°/d12.53° 
11-02-13.687.23°-3.62°/d12.53° 
11-02-13.687.23°-3.62°/d12.53° 
11-02-13.687.23°-3.62°/d12.53° 
11-02-13.687.23°-3.62°/d12.53° 
11-02-23.76-30.03°-3.62°/d12.55° 
11-02-23.76-30.03°-3.62°/d12.55° 
11-02-23.76-30.03°-3.62°/d12.55° 
11-02-23.76-30.03°-3.62°/d12.55° 
11-02-27.79-44.95°-3.62°/d12.56° 
11-02-28.79-48.67°-3.63°/d12.56° 
11-02-28.79-48.67°-3.63°/d12.56° 
11-02-28.79-48.67°-3.63°/d12.56° 
11-03-04.82-63.60°-3.63°/d12.57° 
11-03-08.85-78.56°-3.63°/d12.57° 
11-03-08.85-78.56°-3.63°/d12.57° 
11-03-13.89-97.28°-3.64°/d12.58° 
11-03-13.89-97.28°-3.64°/d12.58° 
11-03-17.92-112.26°-3.64°/d12.59° 
11-03-22.96-130.98°-3.63°/d12.60° 
11-03-22.96-130.98°-3.63°/d12.60° 
11-03-25.98-142.20°-3.63°/d12.60° 
11-03-31.02-160.88°-3.62°/d12.61° 
11-03-31.02-160.88°-3.62°/d12.61° 
11-03-31.02-160.88°-3.62°/d12.61° 
11-04-04.05-175.79°-3.62°/d12.62° 
11-04-04.05-175.79°-3.62°/d12.62° 
11-04-08.08169.32°-3.61°/d12.63° 
11-04-08.08169.32°-3.61°/d12.63° 
11-04-12.11154.43°-3.61°/d12.64° 
11-04-12.11154.43°-3.61°/d12.64° 
11-04-13.12150.72°-3.62°/d12.64° 
11-04-17.15135.82°-3.62°/d12.65° 
11-04-17.15135.82°-3.62°/d12.65° 
11-04-20.17124.63°-3.62°/d12.65° 
11-04-20.17124.63°-3.62°/d12.65° 
11-04-21.18120.89°-3.63°/d12.65° 
11-04-26.22102.20°-3.63°/d12.66° 
11-04-26.22102.20°-3.63°/d12.66° 
11-04-26.22102.20°-3.63°/d12.66° 
11-04-30.2587.23°-3.64°/d12.67° 
11-04-30.2587.23°-3.64°/d12.67° 
11-05-04.2872.25°-3.64°/d12.68° 
11-05-04.2872.25°-3.64°/d12.68° 
11-05-09.3253.52°-3.63°/d12.69° 
11-05-09.3253.52°-3.63°/d12.69° 
11-05-12.3442.29°-3.63°/d12.69° 
11-05-16.3727.33°-3.62°/d12.70° 
11-05-16.3727.33°-3.62°/d12.70° 
11-05-17.3823.60°-3.62°/d12.70° 
11-05-17.3823.60°-3.62°/d12.70° 
11-05-20.4012.41°-3.62°/d12.70° 
11-05-20.4012.41°-3.62°/d12.70° 
11-05-20.4012.41°-3.62°/d12.70° 
11-05-25.44-6.22°-3.62°/d12.71° 
11-05-25.44-6.22°-3.62°/d12.71° 
11-05-31.48-28.56°-3.62°/d12.72° 
11-05-31.48-28.56°-3.62°/d12.72° 
11-05-31.48-28.56°-3.62°/d12.72° 
11-06-01.49-32.28°-3.62°/d12.73° 
11-06-05.52-47.19°-3.62°/d12.73° 
11-06-05.52-47.19°-3.62°/d12.73° 
11-06-05.52-47.19°-3.62°/d12.73° 
11-06-09.55-62.13°-3.63°/d12.74° 
11-06-13.58-77.09°-3.63°/d12.75° 
11-06-13.58-77.09°-3.63°/d12.75° 
11-06-18.62-95.80°-3.64°/d12.76° 
11-06-18.62-95.80°-3.64°/d12.76° 
11-06-18.62-95.80°-3.64°/d12.76° 
11-06-22.65-110.78°-3.64°/d12.76° 
11-06-23.66-114.53°-3.63°/d12.76° 
11-06-24.67-118.27°-3.63°/d12.77° 
11-06-25.67-122.01°-3.63°/d12.77° 
11-06-26.68-125.76°-3.63°/d12.77° 
11-06-27.69-129.50°-3.63°/d12.77° 
11-06-28.70-133.24°-3.63°/d12.77° 
11-07-02.73-148.19°-3.62°/d12.78° 
11-07-06.76-163.12°-3.62°/d12.79° 
11-07-06.76-163.12°-3.62°/d12.79° 
11-07-06.76-163.12°-3.62°/d12.79° 
11-07-11.80178.25°-3.61°/d12.79° 
11-07-11.80178.25°-3.61°/d12.79° 
11-07-15.83163.36°-3.61°/d12.80° 
11-07-15.83163.36°-3.61°/d12.80° 
11-07-19.86148.48°-3.61°/d12.81° 
11-07-19.86148.48°-3.61°/d12.81° 
11-07-20.86144.76°-3.61°/d12.81° 
11-07-25.90126.13°-3.62°/d12.82° 
11-07-28.92114.94°-3.63°/d12.82° 
11-07-28.92114.94°-3.63°/d12.82° 
11-07-28.92114.94°-3.63°/d12.82° 
11-08-01.9599.98°-3.63°/d12.83° 
11-08-01.9599.98°-3.63°/d12.83° 
11-08-09.0173.76°-3.64°/d12.84° 
11-08-09.0173.76°-3.64°/d12.84° 
11-08-14.0555.02°-3.63°/d12.85° 
11-08-14.0555.02°-3.63°/d12.85° 
11-08-19.0836.31°-3.63°/d12.86° 
11-08-19.0836.31°-3.63°/d12.86° 
11-08-19.0836.31°-3.63°/d12.86° 
11-08-28.152.74°-3.61°/d12.87° 
11-09-02.19-15.88°-3.61°/d12.88° 
11-09-02.19-15.88°-3.61°/d12.88° 
11-09-02.19-15.88°-3.61°/d12.88° 
11-09-07.23-34.51°-3.62°/d12.89° 
11-09-07.23-34.51°-3.62°/d12.89° 
11-09-07.23-34.51°-3.62°/d12.89° 
11-09-08.24-38.23°-3.62°/d12.89° 
11-09-13.27-56.89°-3.62°/d12.90° 
11-09-13.27-56.89°-3.62°/d12.90° 
11-09-13.27-56.89°-3.62°/d12.90° 
11-09-17.30-71.83°-3.63°/d12.91° 
11-09-17.30-71.83°-3.63°/d12.91° 
11-09-17.30-71.83°-3.63°/d12.91° 
11-09-22.34-90.53°-3.63°/d12.92° 
11-09-22.34-90.53°-3.63°/d12.92° 
11-09-26.37-105.50°-3.63°/d12.92° 
11-09-26.37-105.50°-3.63°/d12.92° 
11-09-27.38-109.25°-3.63°/d12.93° 
11-09-28.39-113.00°-3.63°/d12.93° 
11-09-28.39-113.00°-3.63°/d12.93° 
11-10-01.41-124.23°-3.63°/d12.93° 
11-10-01.41-124.23°-3.63°/d12.93° 
11-10-01.41-124.23°-3.63°/d12.93° 
11-10-01.41-124.23°-3.63°/d12.93° 
11-10-01.41-124.23°-3.63°/d12.93° 
11-10-05.44-139.20°-3.63°/d12.94° 
11-10-06.45-142.94°-3.62°/d12.94° 
11-10-07.46-146.68°-3.62°/d12.94° 
11-10-08.46-150.41°-3.62°/d12.94° 
11-10-09.47-154.15°-3.62°/d12.95° 
11-10-13.50-169.08°-3.63°/d12.95° 
11-10-13.50-169.08°-3.63°/d12.95° 
11-10-17.53176.04°-3.61°/d12.96° 
11-10-17.53176.04°-3.61°/d12.96° 
11-10-21.56161.16°-3.61°/d12.97° 
11-10-21.56161.16°-3.61°/d12.97° 
11-10-22.57157.44°-3.61°/d12.97° 
11-10-23.58153.72°-3.61°/d12.97° 
11-10-24.58150.00°-3.61°/d12.97° 
11-10-29.62131.37°-3.62°/d12.98° 
11-10-29.62131.37°-3.62°/d12.98° 
11-11-01.64120.18°-3.62°/d12.99° 
11-11-01.64120.18°-3.62°/d12.99° 
11-11-01.64120.18°-3.62°/d12.99° 
11-11-01.64120.18°-3.62°/d12.99° 
11-11-01.64120.18°-3.62°/d12.99° 
11-11-07.6997.75°-3.63°/d13.00° 
11-11-07.6997.75°-3.63°/d13.00° 
11-11-08.7094.01°-3.63°/d13.00° 
11-11-09.7190.27°-3.63°/d13.00° 
11-11-09.7190.27°-3.63°/d13.00° 
11-11-12.7379.02°-3.63°/d13.01° 
11-11-12.7379.02°-3.63°/d13.01° 
11-11-12.7379.02°-3.63°/d13.01° 
11-11-18.7756.54°-3.63°/d13.01° 
11-11-18.7756.54°-3.63°/d13.01° 
11-11-18.7756.54°-3.63°/d13.01° 
11-11-18.7756.54°-3.63°/d13.01° 
11-11-18.7756.54°-3.63°/d13.01° 
11-11-23.8137.83°-3.62°/d13.02° 
11-11-23.8137.83°-3.62°/d13.02° 
11-11-23.8137.83°-3.62°/d13.02° 
11-11-26.8326.60°-3.62°/d13.03° 
11-11-30.8711.67°-3.61°/d13.04° 
11-11-30.8711.67°-3.61°/d13.04° 
11-11-30.8711.67°-3.61°/d13.04° 
11-12-01.877.95°-3.61°/d13.04° 
11-12-01.877.95°-3.61°/d13.04° 
11-12-01.877.95°-3.61°/d13.04° 
11-12-07.92-14.41°-3.61°/d13.05° 
11-12-07.92-14.41°-3.61°/d13.05° 
11-12-07.92-14.41°-3.61°/d13.05° 
11-12-07.92-14.41°-3.61°/d13.05° 
11-12-07.92-14.41°-3.61°/d13.05° 
11-12-07.92-14.41°-3.61°/d13.05° 
11-12-07.92-14.41°-3.61°/d13.05° 
11-12-07.92-14.41°-3.61°/d13.05° 
11-12-07.92-14.41°-3.61°/d13.05° 
11-12-15.98-44.18°-3.61°/d13.07° 

Význam hodnot: Epocha - Datum (rok, měsíc, den), pro něž platí uvedené údaje. λ - Zeměpisná délka subsatelitního bodu ve stupních (kladná je východní délka, záporná je západní délka). Δλ - Denní změna polohy vzhledem k zemskému povrchu (změna zeměpisné délky subsatelitního bodu) ve stupních za den (kladná východním směrem, záporná západním směrem). i - Sklon dráhy k rovníku ve stupních.

Popis objektu

Stacionární telekomunikační družice. Vyrobilo ji NPO prikladnoj mechaniki im. akad. M. F. Rešetnjova <=НПО прикладной механики им. акад. М. Ф. Решетнёва> (nyní OAO "Informacionnyje sputnikovyje sistemy"), Železnogorsk (dř. Krasnojarsk-26), Krasnojarskij kraj (Rusko); dodavatelem telekomunikačního je Naučno-issledovatel'skij institut kosmičeskogo priborostrojenija (NII KP) <=Научно-исследовательский институт космического приборостроения (НИИ КП)> (nyní RNII KP), Moskva (Rusko). Provozovatelem je Ministerstvo svjazi (MS) RF <=Министерство связи РФ>, Moskva (Rusko).

Tříose stabilizovaná družice typu Gorizont (mezinárodní index Stacionar, typové označení 11F662, výr. č. 37L) má základní těleso tvaru válce o průměru max. 2.5 m a délce asi 5.5 m; panely slunečních baterií mají rozpětí téměř 10 m a dodávají 1.3 kW elektrické energie na počátku života. Je využívána pro vnitrostátní telefonní, telegrafní a dálnopisné spojení a distribuci televizního signálu centrální televize na území Ruské federace a zemí bývalého SSSR. Převaděče pracují v pásmu C (4/6 GHz, výkon převaděčů 6 až 40 W). Nese též další převáděč systému "Volna" pro spojení s námořními loděmi a s letadly, pracující v pásmu L (1.6/1.5 GHz, výkon 20 W).

Plánovaný bod zavěšení je nad 11° z.d. Předpokládaná aktivní životnost je asi 2 roky.

Předchozí družicí této řady je Gorizont 25 (1992-017A), další je Gorizont 27 (1992-082A).

Průběh letu

Datum Událost
1992-07-14 22:02:00 UT: Vzlet.
2002-srpen Družice se nacházela8 nad 14° z.d.

Literatura

  1. NPO-PM Home Page. - Železnogorsk : NPO-PM, 2003. - [Cit. 2003-06-22].     (http://www.npopm.ru/).
  2. Home Page. - Moskva : RNII KP, 2008. - [Cit. 2009-07-22].     (http://www.rniikp.ru/).
  3. Home Page. - Moskva : Kosmičeskaja svjaz, 2004. - [Cit. 2004-11-30].     (http://www.rscc.ru).
  4. Kosmonavtika, Enciklopedija / Gl. red. V. P. Gluško. - Izd. Sovetskaja enciklopedija : Moskva, 1985. - S. 91.
  5. Gorizont - Launch Log. - SPACEandTECH.Com, 2000.     (http://www.spaceandtech.com/spacedata/constellations/gorizont_conlogfest.shtml).
  6. Russian Geosynchronous Orbit Satellites, 1990-1999 / P. S. Clark. - J. Brit. Interplanet. Soc. 54 [1/2] 27-46 (2001).
  7. SPACEWARN Activities. - SPACEWARN Bulletin [465] 1 (1992-07-25).     (http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/spacewarn/spx465.html).
  8. Rossijskaja orbital'naja gruppirovka / S. Šamsutdinov. - Novosti kosmonavtiki 12 [10/237] 27 (2002).

------
Datum poslední úpravy: 2011-12-18 11:07:56 UT Platná stránka HTML 4.01! Popis kódu UTF-8 © 2011 - Petr Lála, Antonín Vítek